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KMID : 1143420210140191245
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Public Health Weekly Report
2021 Volume.14 No. 19 p.1245 ~ p.1263
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Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcomes of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) in the Household Contact Investigation Program
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Park Yong-Joon
Park Jin-A
Kwon Yoon-Hyung
Shim Eun-Hye
Shim Ji-Ae
Jung Sun-Young
Choi Jae-Chol
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Abstract
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Tuberculosis (TB), a respiratory infectious disease, is known to spread tuberculosis to family members who share in the
same space for extended periods of time. In response to the rise in TB cases among family members, the Korea Disease
Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) created the Household Contact Investigation Program. The program is at the core of the KDCA’s National Tuberculosis Management Project that aims to detect and treat additional TB patients and latent TB
infection(LTBI) through quick contact investigation.
o detect and treatment additional tuberculosis patients and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) through a quick contact
investigation. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics of household contacts of TB patients, evaluate the effectiveness in preventing the spread of TB according to whether TB patients are treated or not, and explore factors related to the adverse effects and elimination of LTBI.
The subjects of the study were examined as household contacts in the KDCA’s TB management data from 2015 to 2018, and were analyzed in connection with the data of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS).
The risk of TB spreading among non-participants in the Household Contact Investigation Program was 7.4 times higher than that of participants in the program. TB patients who did not receive treatment for LTBI, were 7.29 times higher than TB
patients who completed treatment and 2.47 times higher than TB patients who stopped treatment. The risk of suspension
of treatment for LTBI was higher among TB patients aged 76 or older and among TB patients with diabetes. Furthermore,
the risk of experiencing the side effects associated with LTBI treatment, was higher in all adult age groups aged 19-35,
36-65, and 75 or older than among children under the age of five. Side effect risks were 9.09 times higher in the age 75 or
older group than among children in the under 5 years of age group. This study found that the risk of side effects of LTBI
treatment at 66-75 years of age was lower than the risk at 36-65 years of age, given the recommendations for the
treatment of LTBI. This study concluded that, because the treatment of LTBI reduces the risk of TB, it should be actively recommended to contacts of people diagnosed with LTBI. This study recommended that medical institutions actively manage the side effects among certain age groups and among individuals with an underlying disease.
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KEYWORD
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Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), Household contacts investigation, Treatment of LTBI
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